Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Anti-inflammatory and human chondrocyte protective effect of Drynariae rhizoma extract

Sung-Gyu Lee, Hyun Kang

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea;

For correspondence:- Hyun Kang Email: hkang@dankook.ac.kr Tel:+82415503015

Accepted: 01 December 2023 Published: 31 December 2023

Citation: Lee S, Kang H. Anti-inflammatory and human chondrocyte protective effect of Drynariae rhizoma extract. Trop J Pharm Res 2023; 22(12):2441-2447 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v22i12.4

© 2023 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of Drynariae rhizome (Polypodiaceae) extract (DRE) on lipopolysaccharide RAW264.7 macrophage cells and its protective effects on interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated SW1353 chondrocyte cells.

Methods: The anti-inflammatory effect of DRE (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL) were measured by 5-lipooxygenase (LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme inhibitory activities, nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells using Griess reagent assay. Prostaglandins (PGE₂) and leukotriene (LTB₄) production were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To investigate the protective effect on chondrocytes, the level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3, -9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 was determined using zymography assay and ELISA kit in SW1353 cells stimulated with IL-1β.

Results: Drynariae rhizome (Polypodiaceae) extract (DRE) had a significant (p < 0.05) inhibitory effect on 5-LO and COX-2 enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner compared to untreated group. In RAW264.7 cells, levels of NO, PGE₂ and LTB₄ of DRE group were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in study group (treated with DRE) at 12.5 μg/mL compared to the group treated with LPS (100 ng/mL) alone. Additionally, in SW1353 human chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1β, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed in DRE-treated group compared to IL-1β group alone, with no significant impact on TIMP-1 production.

Conclusion: Drynariae rhizome (Polypodiaceae) extract (DRE) possesses anti-inflammatory and cartilage protection effects. It therefore has the potential to be developed as an effective natural pharmaceutical agent for inflammation or osteoarthritis.

Keywords: Drynariae rhizoma, Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1?), SW1353, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)