Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Antimalarial activity of Mangifera indica aqueous extract in Plasmodium bergheiâ€™s apicoplast

Edet E Asanga¹ , Henshaw Okoroiwu², Uwem O Edet³, Dennis Amaechi⁴, Promise E Nelson¹, Mercy Uchenwa⁵, Olorunfemi A Eseyin⁶, Goodnews Samuel⁷, Lordswill A Ettah¹, Osuake A Obongha¹

¹Department of Biochemistry, Arthur Jarvis University, Calabar, Nigeria; ²Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Arthur Jarvis University, Calabar, Nigeria; ³Department of Microbiology, Arthur Jarvis University, Calabar, Nigeria; ⁴Department of Biochemistry, Veritas University, Abuja, Nigeria; ⁵Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, NIgeria; ⁶Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine, University of Uyo, Uyo, NIgeria; ⁷Department of Chemistry, Arthur Jarvis University, Calabar, Nigeria.

For correspondence:- Edet Asanga Email: edyasangae1@gmail.com Tel:+2348032586166

Accepted: 3 May 2023 Published: 30 May 2023

Citation: Asanga EE, Okoroiwu H, Edet UO, Amaechi D, Nelson PE, Uchenwa M, et al. Antimalarial activity of Mangifera indica aqueous extract in Plasmodium bergheiâ€™s apicoplast. Trop J Pharm Res 2023; 22(5):1007-1015 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v22i5.11

© 2023 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the in vivo antiplasmodial effect of Mangifera indica aqueous extract in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, and to characterize its phytochemical constituents and their mechanism of action.

Methods: The plant leaves (250.71 g) and stem bark (509.34 g) were weighed, macerated in 5 L of boiled, distilled water for 72 h, and filtered. In vivo antiplasmodial evaluation of the extract was carried out using Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The leaf and stem bark extracts were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis for characterization of their chemical constituents.

Results: The leaf/stem bark (1:2) extract (88.27 %) exhibited chemosuppressive activities that was better than artesunate (88.04 %) and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT, 84.60 %). Its schizonticidal activities (98.63 %) revealed a better therapeutic response when compared with artesunate (92.34 %). Spectroscopic analysis showed linoleic acid esters and other compounds.

Conclusion: Therapeutic response of leaf/stem bark (1:2) extract exhibit superior schizonticidal activity to ACT and artesunate. Furthermore, the linoleic acid esters in Mangifera indica aqueous extract may contribute to strong antimalarial activity by inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis

Keywords: Mangifera indica, Antiplasmodial, Linoleic esters, Herbal formulation