Erick Francisco Rakotoniriana1,2 
,
Jean François Rajaonarison1,
Emmanuel Guy Raoelison1,
Jacob Philémon Rajaonarivelo1,
Nia Manga2,
Marcellin Solofoniaina1,
Benja Rakotonirina1,
Denis Randriamampionona1,
Christian Rabemanantsoa1,
Kiban Cheuk1,
Suzanne Urveg Ratsimamanga1,
Joëlle Quetin Leclercq2
For correspondence:- Erick Rakotoniriana Email: erickfranciscorakouth@yahoo.fr Tel:+32496431884
Received: 20 September 2009 Accepted: 21 February 2010 Published: 15 April 2010
Citation: Rakotoniriana EF, Rajaonarison JF, Raoelison EG, Rajaonarivelo JP, Manga N, Solofoniaina M, et al. Antimicrobial Activity of 23 Endemic Plants in Madagascar. Trop J Pharm Res 2010; 9(2):165-171 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v9i2.8
© 2010 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..
Purpose: To screen the crude methanol extracts obtained from 23 endemic plants in Madagascar for antimicrobial activity.
Methods: In order to assess the antimicrobial properties of the extracts, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were obtained using the broth microdilution method. The six test pathogenic species used were Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Bioautography agar overlay test and phytochemical screening were also performed on the most active extracts.
Results: From the 23 plants tested, 16 of which are used in traditional medicine, Poivrea phaneropetala (Combretaceae), Koehneria madagascariensis (Lythraceae) and Rhopalopilia perrieri (Opiliaceae) exhibited the broad spectrum of activity, being active against all the test organisms, while Monoporus clusiifolius (Myrsinaceae) showed the strongest antifungal activity against Candida albicans with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.250 mg/ml. Bioautography and phytochemical analysis of the five active extracts against bacterial strains and of one active extract against C. albicans indicate that the active compounds responsible for antimicrobial activity may be mainly flavonoids and/or terpenes.
Conclusion: These preliminary results are the first antimicrobial studies on these plants and lend support for the use of some of them in traditional medicine.
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