Sangeetha Arullappan 
,
Prabu Rajamanickam,
Naadeirmuthu Thevar,
Dhanendiren Narayanasamy,
Hiah Yee Yee,
Parveen Kaur,
Meerasri Mahandan
For correspondence:- Sangeetha Arullappan Email: sangeetha@utar.edu.my Tel:+60166662512
Received: 10 May 2014 Accepted: 9 May 2015 Published: 29 July 2015
Citation: Arullappan S, Rajamanickam P, Thevar N, Narayanasamy D, Yee HY, Kaur P, et al. Cytotoxic effect and antioxidant activity of bioassay-guided fractions from Solanum nigrum extracts. Trop J Pharm Res 2015; 14(7):1199-1205 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i7.11
© 2015 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..
Purpose: To evaluate the cytotoxic effect and antioxidant activity of bioassay-guided fractions from Malaysian species of Solanum nigrum.
Methods: Methanol leaf and ethanol fruit extracts of Solanum nigrum were subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation using column chromatography. The semi-purified fractions were investigated for their in vitro cytotoxic effect against various cancer cell lines using 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and for antioxidant activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.
Results: From bioassay-guided fractionation, 13 and 17 fractions were obtained from the methanol leaf and ethanol fruit extracts, respectively. In MTT assay, fractions 1, 2 and 4 from methanol extract showed the highest cytotoxic effect against the cancer cells with IC50 of 13.0 µg/mL at 48 h incubation. For the ethanol extract, fractions 14 and 15 showed the highest cytotoxic effect with IC50 of 12.0 µg/mL against K-562 cells, while fractions 13, 14 and 17 showed IC50 of 13.0 µg/mL against HeLa cells. Doxorubicin hydrochloride and vinblastine sulfate inhibited the cancer cells with IC50 range of 1.3 to 17.0 µg/mL. The highest radical scavenging activity was exhibited by fraction 2 from methanol extract with ED50 value of 0.10 mg/ml, while fraction 15 from ethanol extract showed ED50 of 0.79 mg/mL. Ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol exhibited radical scavenging activity of 95.0 ± 0.01 % (ED50 = 0.05 mg/mL) and 93.0 ± 0.01 % (ED50 = 0.10 mg/mL), respectively.
Conclusion: Solanum nigrum leaves and fruits are potential sources of cytotoxic and antioxidant agents.
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