Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Detection of efflux pump activity among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species

Adebowale O Adeluola^1,2 , Kolawole S Oyedeji³, Udoma E Mendie¹, James R Johnson³, John R Porter²

¹Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; ²Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Science, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, USA; ³Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

For correspondence:- Adebowale Adeluola Email: aadeluola@unilag.edu.ng Tel:+2347056004859

Accepted: 11 October 2017 Published: 30 November 2017

Citation: Adeluola AO, Oyedeji KS, Mendie UE, Johnson JR, Porter JR. Detection of efflux pump activity among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species. Trop J Pharm Res 2017; 16(11):2697-2704 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v16i11.18

© 2017 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..

Abstract

Purpose: To detect efflux pump activity (EPA) and screening a suspected efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) [1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-piperazine (TFMBP)], which could help in reducing multi-drug resistance (MDR).

Methods: Eighteen isolates, viz, 14 S. aureus, 2 S. lentus, 1 S. xylosus and 1 Micrococcus species from various hospital infections of admitted patients were screened for antibiotics susceptibility to 11 classes of antibiotics including oxacillin and β-lactamase production. Efflux pump activity (EPA) was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) technique in the presence and absence of TFMBP, the isolates were also screened for MDR genes.

Results: All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin (10 µg) and penicillin (10 µg), but sensitive to bacitracin (10 µg). Majority of the isolates were MDR 12/18 (66.7 %), 10 (55.6 %) were inducible β-lactamase producers and 3 (16.7 %) were intrinsic β-lactamase producers. Seven (38.9 %) were resistant to oxacillin and also produced carbapenemase enzyme. Eight (66.7 %) of the 12 MDR isolates gave evidence of EPA with TFMBP. However, no MDR genes were detected.

Conclusion: Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species exhibit EPA in antibiotic resistance while a suitable EPI such as TFMBP when combined with specific antibiotics could help combat this menace

Keywords: [1-(3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-piperazine, Efflux pump activity, Oxacillin resistant S. aureus, Multidrug resistant, Carbapenemase