Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of sodium hypochlorite on human dental stem cells

Shiqi Liu, Hanchao Zhai, Shaoping Fu, Chengyu Cui, Jian Xu, Jinjuan Jiang, Pengyu Pan, Baorong Zhang

Department of Oral Therapy, The Oral Therapy Center Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, 100012, China;

For correspondence:- Baorong Zhang Email: Shiqi65828@163.com Tel:+861059520180

Accepted: 22 November 2018 Published: 26 December 2018

Citation: Liu S, Zhai H, Fu S, Cui C, Xu J, Jiang J, et al. Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of sodium hypochlorite on human dental stem cells. Trop J Pharm Res 2018; 17(12):2375-2380 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v17i12.9

© 2018 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the influence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on human dental stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

Methods: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSCs), and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) were treated with NaOCl. Cell viability was evaluated with cellular counting kit-8 (CCK8), and cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were analyzed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and subsequent flow cytometry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting were performed to detect the expressions of differentiation markers.

Results: The viability and ATP levels of all three stem cells types were impaired by NaOCl in a concentration- and time-dependent manners. However, the decrease ATP in GMSCs was less than the other two stem cell population (p < 0.05). NaOCl treatment significantly suppressed the proliferation of dental stem cells (p < 0.05). With regard to differentiation marker expression levels, the decrease in Stro-1 was greater in treatment groups when compared to control on Day 7, while increase in levels of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OC) was smaller (p < 0.05). The expressional changes of Stro-1, DSPP, BSP, and OC were more prominent in DPSMs and PDLSCs than in GMSCs.

Conclusion: NaOCl dose-dependently impairs the viability, proliferation and differentiation of dental stem cells. Thus, its toxicity to dental stem cells needs to be considered in clinical application.

Keywords: Dental stem cells, Sodium hypochlorite, Viability, Proliferation, Differentiation