Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Profile and factors associated with quality of life among outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bali, Indonesia

Made Krisna Adi Jaya^1,2, Fita Rahmawati¹, Nanang Munif Yasin¹, Zullies Ikawati¹

¹Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; ²Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Math and Science, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia.

For correspondence:- Zullies Ikawati Email: zullies_ikawati@ugm.ac.id

Accepted: 7 July 2024 Published: 31 July 2024

Citation: Jaya MK, Rahmawati F, Yasin NM, Ikawati Z. Profile and factors associated with quality of life among outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bali, Indonesia. Trop J Pharm Res 2024; 23(7):1101-1109 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v23i7.8

© 2024 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To map the quality of life (QoL) profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and identify its influencing factors in Bali Province.

Methods: This study was conducted in the Pharmacy Department of two Government Hospitals in Bali Province, Indonesia. The 89 participants were T2DM patients undergoing outpatient therapy from November 2023 to February 2024. A cross-sectional design was used to determine the QoL of T2DM patients using SF-36 questionnaire. The medical and demographic data investigated were gender, age, BMI, glycemic profile, duration of DM, comorbidities, type of diabetes medication and history of severe hypoglycemia.

Results: The quality-of-life profile of T2DM patients in Bali Province was generally poor while undergoing diabetes therapy (QoL score: 44.77 ± 24.71). The influential factors that could be modified included a history of severe hypoglycemia, BMI, glycemic control and comorbidities, while the non-modifiable factor was age.

Conclusion: Patients with T2DM undergoing therapy at the hospital polyclinics outpatients unit in Bali Province, Indonesia during the period of study had a relatively low QoL. Factors contributing to these outcomes include patients' history of severe hypoglycemia, age, diabetes complications, glycemic control and BMI. It would be necessary to analyze the influence of patients' behavior and motivation in receiving health services, support system conditions, compliance, and other social conditions on QoL.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Quality of life, Factor, Profile, Modifiable