Feda A Makiyyah1,
Nelly Marliani2,
Eldiza P Rahmi1,
Waras Nurcholis2,3 
For correspondence:- Waras Nurcholis Email: wnurcholis@apps.ipb.ac.id
Received: 16 May 2024 Accepted: 12 January 2025 Published: 28 January 2025
Citation: Makiyyah FA, Marliani N, Rahmi EP, Nurcholis W. Recovery of phenolic-rich extracts from Handeuleum leaves using mixture design modeling. Trop J Pharm Res 2025; 24(1):97-102 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v24i1.13
© 2025 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..
Purpose: To determine the best solvent for extracting phenolic compounds from Handeuleum leaves, which are rich in phenolic compounds. Methods: In optimizing the extraction solvent, the simplex centroid mixture design was used together with the extractor components, namely water, acetone, methanol, and ethanol, which were designed to produce 15 formulas. Total phenolic analysis was carried out based on the Follin-Ciocalteu method, and the results were expressed in milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight of the sample. Results: The quadratic model with an R2 value of 0.8407 is relied upon for total phenolic recovery. The best-mixed formula yielded a desirability value of 0.913 with a quarternary mixture of water (0.6910), acetone (0.3054), methanol (0.0002), and ethanol (0.0031) as solvents, obtaining a total phenolic content of 2.9613 mg GAE/g dry weight. The optimal condition validation results are also stated to be very accurate, with a residual standard error (RSE) of 0.905 %. Conclusion: The optimized solvent combination for extracting high amounts of phenolic compounds from Handeuleum leaves has been reported which may be upscaled for commercial purposes.
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