Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Prevention of Radiocontrast-Induced Nephropathy after Coronary Angiography: N-Acetylcysteine plus Saline Hydration versus Saline Hydration

Yahaya Hassan¹ , Zainol A Zainal¹, Noorizan A Aziz¹, Samah W Al-Jabi¹, Omar Ismail²

¹Clinical Pharmacy Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM); ²Cardiology Department, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.

For correspondence:- Yahaya Hassan Email: yahaya@usm.my Tel:+60195515611

Received: 27 August 2010 Accepted: 2 March 2011 Published: 20 April 2011

Citation: Hassan Y, Zainal ZA, Aziz NA, Al-Jabi SW, Ismail O. Prevention of Radiocontrast-Induced Nephropathy after Coronary Angiography: N-Acetylcysteine plus Saline Hydration versus Saline Hydration. Trop J Pharm Res 2011; 10(2):133-140 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v10i2.3

© 2011 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..

Abstract

Purpose: To compare the incidence of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (RCIN) in patients undergoing coronary angiography pretreated with N-acetylcysteine NAC plus saline hydration or saline hydration alone and to determine the association between various risk factors and RCIN.

Methods: Patients were retrospectively evaluated over a one-year period. RCIN was defined as an acute rise in serum creatinine of at least 0.5 mg/dl or more than 25 % from baseline value. SPSS software, version 13 was used for data analysis.

Results: Overall, 299 patients were studied. Thirteen patients (4.3%) developed RCIN. RCIN was 3.3 % in patients treated with hydration, and 8.3 % in patients treated with NAC plus hydration (p = 0.09). In patients with RCIN, the changes in creatinine and % change in creatinine after 24 h were significantly lower in the NAC plus hydration group (p = 0.039 and p = 0.042, respectively). RCIN was significantly associated with male gender (p = 0.017), history of renal failure (p = 0.006), ischemic heart disease (p = 0.003), and diuretic treatment (p = 0.013).

Conclusion: NAC plus saline hydration may not be more effective than saline hydration alone in decreasing RCIN after coronary angiography. Additional efforts to find an ideal preventive treatment are needed.

Keywords: Coronary angiography, N-acetylcysteine, Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy, Saline hydration