Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Olea europaea Linn (Oleaceae) Fruit Pulp Extract Exhibits Potent Antioxidant Activity and Attenuates Neuroinflammatory Responses in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Microglial Cells

Moo-Sung Kim², Sushruta Koppula¹, Seung-Hyo Jung^1,3, Ji-Young Kim^1,3, Hyoung-Ro Lee^1,4, Sang-Rin Lee², Yong-Dae Park², Kyung-Ae Lee², Tae-Kyu Park¹, Hyun Kang¹

¹Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute for Biomedical & Health Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701; ²R&D Center, Macrocare Tech, Ltd, Ochang, 363-883; ³KuGen Healthcare Institute, Chungju, 380-150; ⁴Nutra MediPharm, Chungju, 380-701 Republic of Korea.

For correspondence:- Hyun Kang Email: hkang@kku.ac.kr Tel:+82438403603

Received: 26 March 2013 Accepted: 12 April 2013 Published: 12 June 2013

Citation: Kim M, Koppula S, Jung S, Kim J, Lee H, Lee S, et al. Olea europaea Linn (Oleaceae) Fruit Pulp Extract Exhibits Potent Antioxidant Activity and Attenuates Neuroinflammatory Responses in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Microglial Cells. Trop J Pharm Res 2013; 12(3):357-362 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i3.13

© 2013 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory potentials of Olea europaea Linn. fruit pulp (OFP-EA) extract in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells.

Methods: Cell viabilities were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate BV-2 microglia. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using Griess assay. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis.

Results: OFP-EA extract significantly (p<0.001 at 20-200 µg/ml, respectively) scavenged the free radicals in a dose-dependent fashion. The increased levels of No stimulated by LPS (34±2.41) were also inhibited by OFP-EA extract significantly and concentration dependently (27±2.32, 21±2.54, 17±1.92 and 11±1.94 at 10, 20, 40 and 80 µg/ml, respectively). Further, OFP-EA suppressed the elevated levels iNOS expression and TNF-α production (p<0.001 at 20, 40 and 80 µg/ml) in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells.

Conclusion: Results indicate that OFP-EA extract exhibited strong antioxidant properties and inhibited the excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. The antioxidant activity exhibited by OFP-EA extract might play a critical role in ameliorating the inflammatory processes in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells.

Keywords: Olive fruit pulp, antioxidant, neuroinflammation, microglia, TNF-^5;, iNOS