Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

In Vitro Screening of Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Clinacanthus nutans (Acanthaceae) leaf extracts

Sangeetha Arullappan , Prabu Rajamanickam, Naadeirmuthu Thevar, Clara Carol Kodimani

Faculty of Science, Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia;

For correspondence:- Sangeetha Arullappan Email: sangeetha@utar.edu.my Tel:+60166662512

Received: 16 October 2013 Accepted: 14 July 2014 Published: 24 September 2014

Citation: Arullappan S, Rajamanickam P, Thevar N, Kodimani CC. In Vitro Screening of Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Clinacanthus nutans (Acanthaceae) leaf extracts. Trop J Pharm Res 2014; 13(9):1455-1461 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i9.11

© 2014 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Clinacanthus nutans extracts and semi-fractions.

Method: The plant was subjected to cold solvent extraction to produce petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts, followed by isolation using bioassay-guided fractionation. The crude extracts (0.2 to 10.0 mg/ml) were tested against HeLa and K-562 cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and antioxidant activity using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Furthermore, fractions isolated from ethyl acetate leaf extract (0.02 to 10.0 mg/ml) were tested against Bacillus cereus (ATCC11778), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (ATCC14028) and Candida albicans (ATCC10231) using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal or fungicidal (MBC/MFC) assays.

Results: Petroleum ether extracts demonstrated the strongest cytotoxic activity against HeLa and K-562 cells with IC50 of 18.0 and 20.0 μg/mL, respectively. Petroleum ether extracts also displayed the highest radical scavenging activity of 82.00 ± 0.02 %, compared with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol corresponding values of 88.7 ± 0.0 and 86.6 ± 0.0 %, respectively. In MIC assay, all the crude extracts and fractions showed inhibition against all tested microorganisms. Fraction 7 displayed the lowest MIC and MBC/MFC values against B. cereus and C. albicans at 1.39 mg/ml, respectively. Ampicillin and amphotericin B displayed MIC value of 1.3 mg/ml.

Conclusion: The bioactive compounds from C. nutans are potential cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

Keywords: Clinacanthus nutans, Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial