Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Isolation and identification of flavonoids from anticancer and neuroprotective extracts of Trigonella foenum graecum

Shabina Ishtiaq Ahmed¹ , Muhammad Qasim Hayat¹, Saadia Zahid², Muhammad Tahir¹, Qaisar Mansoor³, Muhammad Ismail³, Kristen Keck⁴, Robert Bates⁵

¹Department of Plant Biotechnology; ²Department of Health Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST); ³Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Abdul Qadeer Khan Research Laboratory (KRL) Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan; ⁴Bio5 Institute; ⁵Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.

For correspondence:- Shabina Ahmed Email: ahmed.phdabs04asab@asab.nust.edu.pk

Received: 17 October 2016 Accepted: 11 May 2017 Published: 29 June 2017

Citation: Ahmed SI, Hayat MQ, Zahid S, Tahir M, Mansoor Q, Ismail M, et al. Isolation and identification of flavonoids from anticancer and neuroprotective extracts of Trigonella foenum graecum. Trop J Pharm Res 2017; 16(6):1391-1398 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v16i6.25

© 2017 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the protective effects of Trigonella foenum graecum methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, against cancer cell lines and NaNO₂-induced neurodegeneration in mice brain.

Methods: Adult male albino mice (n = 20) were administered NaNO₂ orally at a dose of 300 mg/kg for 15 days. The control group received distilled water and normal mice feed. Experimental groups were given T. foenum graecum methanol and ethyl acetate extracts in two different doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg orally for 15 days. Histopathological examination of the brain was carried out with the aid of cresyl violet and H&E staining. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against HCEC, MCF-7 and Hep2 cell lines. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were used to determine the structures of the bioactive compounds.

Results: Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of T. foenum graecum seeds inhibited neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and cortex regions of the brain when compared to control group. Moreover, the extracts exhibited anticancer activity against Hep2 and MCF-7cells and low cytotoxicity against HCEC, sparing healthy cells in-vitro. In addition, two flavonoids amurensin and cosmosiin were isolated from T. foenum graecum extracts.

Conclusion: Amurensin and cosmosiin from T. foenum extracts are reported here for the first time agents that possess significant anticancer and neuroprotective properties.

Keywords: Trigonella foenum-graecum, Anticancer, Neurodegeneration, Flavonoids, Amurensin, Cosmosiin