Sathaporn Prutipanlai1 
,
Ornchuma Botpiboon2,3,
Benjamas Janchawee1,4,
Sittipoom Theanchaiwattana5
For correspondence:- Sathaporn Prutipanlai Email: sataporn.p@psu.ac.th Tel:+6674288183
Received: 20 November 2016 Accepted: 15 June 2017 Published: 31 July 2017
Citation: Prutipanlai S, Botpiboon O, Janchawee B, Theanchaiwattana S. Solid phase extraction method for determination of mitragynine in urine and its application to mitragynine excretion study in rats receiving caffeine. Trop J Pharm Res 2017; 16(7):1675-1682 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v16i7.28
© 2017 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..
Purpose: To develop a solid phase extraction (SPE) method that utilizes reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) to determine mitragynine (MG) in rat and human urine, and to investigate the influence of caffeine (CF) on urinary excretion of MG in rats.
Methods: A two-dimensional wash-elute study was conducted using Oasis® HLB cartridge. The optimized SPE procedures consisted of washing with 5 and 70 % methanol containing 2 % ammonium hydroxide and eluting with methanol containing 2 % acetic acid. The SPE-HPLC method was validated according to United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Two groups of rats were used for the study and received an oral administration of either alkaloid extract (AE) of kratom (100 mg/kg), or AE (100 mg/kg) combined with CF (25 mg/kg). The 24-h urine samples after administration were analyzed using the developed method for the content of MG excreted.
Results: Validation indicate good linearity (r > 0.9991) and high precision in rat (1.18 - 5.97) and human urine (0.67 - 3.41). Accuracy for rat and human urine ranged from -9.11 - 19.64 and -7.20 - 13.72 %, respectively. Recovery of MG ranged from 92.75 - 100.83 %. Co-administration of AE and CF significantly increased urinary excretion of MG.
Conclusion: The developed SPE method is simple, fast and reliable, and can be suitably applied to pharmacokinetic studies
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