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Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity effect of Clinacanthus nutans (Brum. f.) Lindau standardized leaf extracts

Kameh Esmailli1, Armaghan Shafaei1, Abdalrahim FA Aisha1, Fouad Saleih R Al-Suede1, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid2, Zhari Ismail1

1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; 2EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia.

For correspondence:-  Zhari Ismail   Email: ismailzhari@gmail.com   Tel:+6046534222

Accepted: 18 October 2019        Published: 30 November 2019

Citation: Esmailli K, Shafaei A, Aisha AF, Al-Suede FS, Majid AM, Ismail Z. Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity effect of Clinacanthus nutans (Brum. f.) Lindau standardized leaf extracts. Trop J Pharm Res 2019; 18(11):2341-2348 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v18i11.16

© 2019 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..

Abstract

Purpose: To standardize Clinacanthus nutans (CN) leaf extracts, evaluate their contents of orientin, vitexin and isovitexin using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method, and also to investigate in vitro cytotoxicity of CN.
Methods: CN leaf powder was macerated in distilled water, methanol, methanol (50 %), ethanol, and ethanol (50 %) over a hot water bath at 50 - 55 °C for 24 h. The extracts were standardized for total phenolic, flavonoid, proteins and polysaccharides content by ultra-violet (UV) spectrophotometry. Moreover, RP-HPLC was used to determine the contents of orientin, vitexin and isovitexin in the extracts. The anti-proliferative effect of the extracts against human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT-116) and human colon normal cell line (CCD-18Co) was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The most active extract was fractionated using silica gel flash column chromatography to produce 20 fractions. All the fractions were subjected to the MTT test.
Results: The extracts showed modest cytotoxicity against HCT-116 and non-cytotoxicity against CCD-18Co cell lines. Of all the extracts tested, the methanol extract (CN-M) showed the highest activity of all the extracts and had the highest content of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. Twenty fractions were obtained from this extract. Fraction nos. F3, F4, F14 and F16 showed significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxicity against HCT-116, with F14 having the highest activity.
Conclusion: Fraction F14 has the potential to be developed to anti-colon cancer agent. However, further studies including chemical profiling, mechanism of action and safety profile of this fraction are required.

Keywords: Clinacanthus nutans, Cytotoxicity, Standardization, Orientin, Vitexin, Isovitexin

Impact Factor
Thompson Reuters (ISI): 0.6 (2023)
H-5 index (Google Scholar): 49 (2023)

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