Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Effect of Salvadora persica Linn root aqueous extract on oral epithelial dysplasia and oral cancer cell lines

Huda M Hammad¹ , Khaled M Al-Qaoud², Mohammad M Hammad³, Mariam A Mansi⁴

¹Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110; ²Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, PO Box 566, Irbid 21163; ³Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; ⁴Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, PO Box 1678, Al-Dawadmi 11911, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

For correspondence:- Huda Hammad Email: hmhammad@just.edu.jo Tel:+962795727340

Accepted: 12 November 2019 Published: 31 December 2019

Citation: Hammad HM, Al-Qaoud KM, Hammad MM, Mansi MA. Effect of Salvadora persica Linn root aqueous extract on oral epithelial dysplasia and oral cancer cell lines. Trop J Pharm Res 2019; 18(12):2591-2596 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v18i12.19

© 2019 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the potential chemo-preventive and anti-oral cancer effects of Salvadora persica (S. persica) on oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.

Methods: Aqueous S. persica root extracts were prepared at concentrations up to 15.75 mg/mL and applied to oral epithelial dysplasia (DOK), oral squamous cell carcinoma (PE/CA-PJ15), and periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDL) cell lines. The effect of the extract on cell survival and proliferation was determined using MTT assay, while its effect on apoptosis in DOK and PE/CA-PJ15 lines were investigated by measuring apoptotic index using Hoechst stain.

Results: In DOK and PE/CA-PJ15 cell lines, cytotoxicity was significant at extract concentrations of 11.25, 13.50 and 15.75 mg/mL, while extract concentration of 13.50 mg/mL produced significant cytotoxic effects on PDL cell line (p < 0.05). The percentage of apoptotic cells significantly increased at extract concentration of 11.25 mg/mL for both DOK and PE/CA-PJ15 cell lines (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Significant cytotoxic effects of aqueous root extract of S. persica appeared at a lower concentration in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral cancer cell lines than in normal PDL cell line. These results suggest the potential of S. persica for preventing oral cancer.

Keywords: Salvadora persica, Oral epithelial dysplasia, Oral cancer, Chemoprevention, Anticancer effect