Supavadee Boontha1 ,
Thatcha Thoedyotin1,
Thanaphon Saengtabtim1,
Pathitta Im-erb1,
Natthamon Chaniad1,
Benjaporn Buranrat2,
Tasana Pitaksuteepong3
1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000;
2Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000;
3Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
For correspondence:- Supavadee Boontha
Email: supa0865@hotmail.com Tel:+6654466666
Accepted: 18 December 2019
Published: 31 January 2020
Citation:
Boontha S, Thoedyotin T, Saengtabtim T, Im-erb P, Chaniad N, Buranrat B, et al.
Cytotoxic, colony formation and anti-migratory effects of Spilanthes acmella (Asteraceae) aerial extract on MCF-7 cells and its cream formulation. Trop J Pharm Res 2020; 19(1):17-24
doi:
10.4314/tjpr.v19i1.3
© 2020 The authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: To determine anti-breast cancer activities of Spilanthes acmella (S. acmella) extract.
Methods: S. acmella was macerated with 95% ethanol. Phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of the extract were assessed using Folin Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, respectively. Cytotoxicity, colony formation and cell migration suppression on MCF-7 cells, representing anti-breast cancer effects, were also evaluated by sulforhodamine B (SRB), clonogenic and wound healing assays, respectively. Creams containing the extract were formulated and then characterized in terms of their physical appearance, viscosity and pH, before and after stability testing.
Results: The crude extract contained phenolic content of 62.8 ± 5.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and flavonoid content of 375.6 ± 20.1 mg rutin equivalent/g. The results showed that the extract exhibits antioxidant effect with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.2 ± 0.1 mg/mL. It showed cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells with IC50 of 37.1 ± 1.1 µg/mL in 48 h and inhibited colony formation of cells with IC50 of 44.9 ± 1.3 μM. In addition, it demonstrated an anti-migration effect at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. The developed creams displayed good physical appearance and maintained stable physical properties overt a two-month period.
Conclusion: S. acmella extract exhibits potential anti-breast cancer activity. The cream containing the extract is promising for the topical treatment of breast cancer.
Keywords: Spilanthes acmella, Antioxidant, Anti-breast cancer, Flavonoids, Phenolics, Topical cream