Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Phytochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity screening of ethanol extract of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne grown in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia

Hafiz A Makeen¹, Hassan A Alhazmi^2,3 , Asaad Khalid^2,4, Mohammed Al Bratty³, Sohier M Syame^5,6, Ashraf N Abdalla^4,7, Husham E Homeida⁵, Shahnaz Sultana⁸, Waquar Ahsan³

¹Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; ²Substance Abuse Research Centre; ³Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; ⁴Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, PO Box 2424, Khartoum-11111, Sudan; ⁵Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, PO Box 114, 45142; ⁶Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Affiliation ID 60014618, 12311, Giza, Egypt; ⁷Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955; ⁸Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, PO Box 114, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

For correspondence:- Hassan Alhazmi Email: hasalhazmi@gmail.com Tel:+966541433344

Accepted: 23 January 2020 Published: 29 February 2020

Citation: Makeen HA, Alhazmi HA, Khalid A, Al Bratty M, Syame SM, Abdalla AN, et al. Phytochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity screening of ethanol extract of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne grown in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. Trop J Pharm Res 2020; 19(2):313-321 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v19i2.14

© 2020 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To explore the phytoconstituents of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne as well as its biological effects.

Methods: Determination of phytoconstituents of ethanol extract of the plant was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Antibacterial screening was conducted against the isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes while the anti-carcinogenic properties of the ethanol extract on cancerous cells were investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay against breast MCF7, ovary cancer A2780 and colon cancer HT29 cells, respectively, in addition to normal MRC5 fibroblast cells.

Results: GC-MS analysis identified 15 different phytochemicals in the ethanol extract. The extract exerted significant antimicrobial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) in the range 1.56 - 6.25 and 3.12 – 12.5 mg/L, respectively, against all test bacterial strains. Cytotoxic activity, obtained by MTT assay, was 28.81 ± 0.99, 12.50 ± 2.50, 23.90 ± 0.74 and 50.58 ± 3.24 µg/mL, against the three cancer cell lines and normal fibroblast, respectively. MTT cytotoxicity results was further confirmed by clonogenic survival assay on MCF7 cells.

Conclusion: This study highlights the potential interesting ethnopharmacological applications of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne to treat drug-resistant pathogens as standardized extract.

Keywords: Acacia ehrenbergiana, Phytochemistry, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity