Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

A prospective antibiotic point prevalence survey in two primary referral hospitals during and after pilgrims stay in Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Yaser M Alahmadi¹ , Ahmad K Aljabri², Faisal N Alsaadi³, Lamiaa M Rizk², Renad Y Alahmadi⁴, Sami R Aljuhani², Sultan H Aljohani², Sultan S Al Thagfan¹, Walaa A Alamuddin², Wedad S Alonazie⁵, Yasir A Alowayyidh³

¹Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University; ²Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Hospital; ³Pharmacy Department, Alansar General Hospital; ⁴College of Dentistry, Taibah University; ⁵Supply Chain Management Administration at General Directorate of Health Affairs, Madina Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.

For correspondence:- Yaser Alahmadi Email: yalahmadi45@gmail.com Tel:+966505302545

Accepted: 25 January 2020 Published: 29 February 2020

Citation: Alahmadi YM, Aljabri AK, Alsaadi FN, Rizk LM, Alahmadi RY, Aljuhani SR, et al. A prospective antibiotic point prevalence survey in two primary referral hospitals during and after pilgrims stay in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Trop J Pharm Res 2020; 19(2):391-399 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v19i2.23

© 2020 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To assess current patterns of antibiotic use by carrying out two point-prevalence surveys (PPS) in Madinah after the return of hajj pilgrims from Makkah and when Madinah is free from pilgrims.

Methods: In September 2016 and November 2016, a prospective PPS was conducted on two separate dates (during the hajj pilgrims stay in Madinah and after they leave). Data on antibiotics use were generated during these two periods. This involved an audit from all the departments of two referral hospitals (King Fahad Hospital (KFH) - 425 beds, and Al Ansar Hospital - 100 beds) of inpatients records. Data were collected using standard forms adapted from the European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC).

Results: A total of 675 inpatients were included in PPS; among them, 332 (49.18 %) patients were receiving antibiotic therapy. In September 2016, 168 patients were treated with antibiotics, with a prevalence rate of 50.60 %, whereas, in November 2016, the prevalence rate was 49.40 %. Overall, 198 patients were identified in surgical wards, of which 132 patients (66.6 %) were receiving antibiotic therapy; 121 patients in ICU of which 70 patients (57.8 %) received antibiotics; 13 patients in other wards of which 6 (46.1 %) received antibiotic treatment; and 343 patients in medical wards of which 126 patients (36.7 %) were treated with antibiotics. There was no significant difference in prevalence of antibiotic prescribing between the two surveys (Pearson Chi-square test, p = 0.56) and with regards to patient age between the two surveys (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.32).

Conclusion: The results demonstrate that antibiotic use with adherence to hospital guidelines and PPS helps in identifying targets for quality improvement. Moreover, to escalate the prudent use of antibiotics in hospitals, PPS provides a useful tool. Furthermore, this survey provides a background to evaluate antibiotic use by a standardized methodology.

Keywords: Point prevalence survey, Antibiotic use, Prescribing practices, Antibiotic resistance, Quality improvement, Antibiotic stewardship, Hajj, Pilgrims