Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of solvent extracts and fractions of Typha domingensis (Typhaceae) fruit

Tsun-Thai Chai^1,2 , Mei-Jee Chiam², Chi-Hou Lau², Nor Ismaliza Mohd Ismail^1,4, Hean-Chooi Ong⁴, Fazilah Abd Manan⁵, Fai-Chu Wong^1,2

¹Center for Biodiversity Research; ²Department of Chemical Science; ³Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar; ⁴Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur; ⁵Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

For correspondence:- Tsun-Thai Chai Email: chaitt@utar.edu.my Tel:+6054688888

Received: 19 May 2015 Accepted: 10 October 2015 Published: 29 November 2015

Citation: Chai T, Chiam M, Lau C, Ismail NI, Ong H, Manan FA, et al. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of solvent extracts and fractions of Typha domingensis (Typhaceae) fruit. Trop J Pharm Res 2015; 14(11):1983-1990 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i10.5

© 2015 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To identify a solvent fraction with potent antiglucosidase and antioxidant activities from the fruit of Typha domingensis.

Methods: Extracts were prepared using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone (AE), methanol, and water. Antiglucosidase and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of extracts were assessed. The most active extract was partitioned into chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol (BF) and water, and the antiglucosidase and radical scavenging activities of the fractions were determined. Mode of inhibition of the strongest antiglucosidase fraction was investigated. Polyphenol, coumarin, proanthocyanidin (TPro), and hydroxycinnamic acid contents of the extracts and fractions were evaluated.

Results: AE had the highest antiglucosidase (EC₅₀ = 12.36 µg/mL) and radical scavenging (EC₅₀ = 8.57 µg/mL) activities. Solvent-partitioning of AE resulted in BF, which showed markedly stronger antiglucosidase activity (EC₅₀ = 4.27 µg/mL) than quercetin (EC₅₀ = 22.18 µg/mL). BF also had potent radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 7.20 µg/mL). BF was rich in TPro (735.65 mg/g) and was a competitive glucosidase inhibitor. TPro content correlated with antiglucosidase (R² = 0.709) and DPPH scavenging activities (R² = 0.838).

Conclusion: TPro-rich BF of T. domingensis fruit is a highly potent glucosidase inhibitor and radical scavenger. The findings demonstrate a potential for the development of natural antihyperglycemic agents with antioxidant effect from T. domingensis fruit.