Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Clinico-toxicological effects of ceftriaxone after intramuscular administration of graded doses in Basenji dogs

Ukamaka U Eze¹ , Ifeanyi G Eke², Aruh O Anaga², Elias Abah², Ikechukwu J Udeani³, Ekene V Ezenduka⁴, Chuka Ezema⁵, Boniface M Anene¹, Isaac U Asuzu²

¹Department of Veterinary Medicine; ²Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; ³University of Nigeria Veterinary Teaching Hospital; ⁴Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine; ⁵Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

For correspondence:- Ukamaka Eze Email: ukamakauchenna.eze@unn.edu.ng Tel:+2348063529700

Accepted: 26 September 2021 Published: 31 October 2021

Citation: Eze UU, Eke IG, Anaga AO, Abah E, Udeani IJ, Ezenduka EV, et al. Clinico-toxicological effects of ceftriaxone after intramuscular administration of graded doses in Basenji dogs. Trop J Pharm Res 2021; 20(10):2089-2097 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v20i10.12

© 2021 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: The recent ceftriaxone-induced anaemia and mortalities at the dose of 50 mg/kg in Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria prompted this study which sought to assess the clinico-toxicological effects of ceftriaxone (CFZ) after intramuscular administration of graded doses in Basenji dogs.

Methods: The effects of CFZ on the haematological indices, physiological parameters, liver and kidney functions were assessed in 4 group of dogs (n = 4) designated A – D. They were given CFZ intramuscularly for 21 days at doses of 12, 25 and 50 mg/kg for groups A, B, C, respectively, while the control (group D) received the diluent (lignocaine 0.2 mL)

Results: The mean pulse and heart rate of dogs in group C were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of group A, B and D. Significant (p < 0.05) decrease in red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) was observed in group C on days 7 and 14, while on day 21, these parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in group D than in the treated groups. On day 14 of CFZ administration, the alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities of dogs in group C was significantly (p < 0.05) elevated than the control group.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that CFZ, at the doses of 12.5 - 25 mg/kg, appears safe in dogs as most of the adverse effects observed are reversed following the withdrawal of the drug on day 28. However, CFZ at 50 mg/kg causes anaemia, tachycardia and bilateral paralysis of the hind limbs which did not revert to normal after one week; hence, it is not recommended for use in dogs at this dose.

Keywords: Ceftriaxone, Dogs, Haematology, Physiological parameters, Toxicity