Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Hot water extract from spent mushroom substrate of Ganoderma lucidum improves immune function in immune-deficient mice

Yanling Liu^1,2, Tong Meng^1,2, Tong Wang^1,2, Jing Li¹, Wei Zhang^1,2, Biaosheng Lin^1,3, Jihui Chen⁴, Zhanxi Lin¹ , Biaosheng Lin^1,3

¹National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China; ²College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China; ³Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province 364012, China; ⁴Fujian Hope Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Longyan, Fujian Province 364000, China.

For correspondence:- Zhanxi Lin Email: wenzilyla@126.com

Accepted: 24 December 2022 Published: 31 January 2023

Citation: Liu Y, Meng T, Wang T, Li J, Zhang W, Lin B, et al. Hot water extract from spent mushroom substrate of Ganoderma lucidum improves immune function in immune-deficient mice. Trop J Pharm Res 2023; 22(1):143-150 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v22i1.20

© 2023 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the effects of hot water extract of the spent mushroom substrate from Ganoderma lucidum (HWE) on the immune functions of immune-deficient mice in the presence or absence of cyclophosphamide.

Methods: The C57BL/6 mice were treated with varying doses of HWE and cyclophosphamide, and the spleen transcriptome was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted to generate an overview of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) functions and interactions.

Results: Significant DEGs were observed among the control (CK), normal control (HWE), model (CY), and high-dose HWE (CY + HWEH) groups (p < 0.05). Compared with CK group, HWE and CY + HWEH groups showed upregulation of genes (Alas2, CCNE1, and CCNA2), whereas genes encoding major histocompatibility complex components, costimulatory factors, proinflammatory chemokines, and inflammatory chemokines were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). Compared with CY group, multiple tumor suppressor and tumorigenesis genes, such as CDKN1A, CDKN1B, MAPK10, and TN-C, were downregulated in CK, HWE, and CY + HWEH groups.

Conclusion: This study highlights changes in the spleen transcriptomic profiles of C57BL/6 mice treated with HWE and CY, indicating that HWE improves immunomodulation in a mouse model with immune deficiency. Hot water extract of the spent mushroom substrate from Ganoderma lucidum (HWE) has potentials as an immune enhancer in immunocompromised patients.

Keywords: Spleen transcriptome, Hot water extract, Ganoderma lucidum, Cyclophosphamide, High-throughput sequencing, Immunomodulation