Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Effect of casein supplementation on HBD-1, Th-17 and IL-22 in a preterm Rattus norvegicus chorioamnionitis model

Hari Paraton¹, Aulanni’am Aulanni'am², I Wayan Arsana Wiyasa³, Alifah Wahyu Hariani⁴, Widjiati ⁵, Sumarno Reto Prawiro⁶

¹Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; ²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; ³Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; ⁴Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; ⁵Department of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; ⁶Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.

For correspondence:- Sumarno Prawiro Email: retoprawiros@yahoo.com

Accepted: 11 May 2024 Published: 29 May 2024

Citation: Paraton H, Aulanni'am A, Wiyasa IW, Hariani AW, W, Prawiro SR. Effect of casein supplementation on HBD-1, Th-17 and IL-22 in a preterm Rattus norvegicus chorioamnionitis model. Trop J Pharm Res 2024; 23(5):863-869 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v23i5.8

© 2024 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To investigate casein's role in the expressions of human beta-defensin (HBD)-1, T helper subset (Th)-17, and interleukin (IL)-22 in preterm Rattus norvegicus (RNs).

Methods: Twenty-four healthy, first-time pregnant RNs were divided into three groups (G). Group 1 (G1) received regular casein (R) 0.4 g/RN/day, while G2 and G3 received casein supplementation (S) 2 g/RN/ day. Each RN was given 10 g of food and drank 10 mL. On day 10, a single intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected with 100 g/kg body weight. Lipopolysaccharide was injected into G3 as a premature model with chorioamnionitis. Histopathological examination was carried out to measure the expression of HBD-1, Th-17, and IL-22 using methyl green counterstaining. Chorioamnion specimens were taken and fixed in 4 % paraformaldehyde, and then evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) procedures to obtain immunoreactive score (IMS).

Results: The IMS expression of HBD-1 in G1 was 1.187 ± 0.372, while G3 was 9.562 ± 2.351 (p < 0.05). Th-17 expression were G1: 2.062 ± 0.140, G2: 6.122 ± 1.347, and G3: 9.112 ± 2.019 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, IL-22 expressions were G1: 1.825 ± 0.468, G2: 4.700 ± 1.614, and G3: 7.800 ± 1.669 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Casein supplementation increases HBD-1, Th-17, and IL-22 expression in preterm RN and in the LPS-induced RN chorioamnionitis model. The increase in HBD-1, Th-17, and IL-22 indicate that casein plays a role in the protection and control of chorioamnionitis tissue inflammation.

Keywords: Casein, HBD-1, Th17, IL-22, Rattus norvigicus