Thu-Thao Thi Huynh1,
Minh Trong Quang2,
Hai-Yen Thi Vu1 
For correspondence:- Hai-Yen Vu Email: haiyen.16990@gmail.com
Accepted: 1 August 2024 Published: 31 August 2024
Citation: Huynh TT, Quang MT, Vu HT. Modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways by natural products in osteoarthritis: Mechanisms, challenges, and future directions. Trop J Pharm Res 2024; 23(8):1387-1396 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v23i8.21
© 2024 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is characterized by dysregulated inflammatory signaling that disrupts cartilage homeostasis and presents a significant therapeutic challenge. Although current treatments primarily focus on symptom management, this review explores the growing interest in anti-inflammatory natural products as potential disease-modifying therapies. This review aims to: identify key inflammatory pathways as promising drug targets, summarize recent findings on natural products that modulate these pathways, and discuss challenges and future directions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science, focusing on studies published in the last decade. Central to OA pathogenesis is persistent inflammation resulting from cytokine /chemokine-driven catabolic signaling, which is exacerbated by the overactivation of NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Numerous plant-derived compounds exert inhibitory effects on these inflammatory cascades through mechanisms including NF-κB nuclear translocation suppression, MAPK phosphorylation blockade, and modulation of PI3K/AKT activity. However, clinical translation faces several complexities, such as bioavailability, precise targeting, and disease heterogeneity. Addressing these challenges using advanced technologies could enable the development of natural product-based OA therapeutics. Innovative research strategies are needed to fully leverage the therapeutic potential of these compounds in the management of OA.
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