Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

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Review Article

Pathophysiology and Biomarkers in Acute Ischemic Stroke – A Review

Yiwang Guo, Pengyue Li, Qingli Guo, Kexin Shang, Dan Yan, Shouying Du* and Yang Lu*

Department of TCM Pharmaceutics, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.

*For correspondence: Email: dushouying@263.net, landocean28@163.com; Tel: +86-10-8473-8615; Fax: +86-10-8473-8611

Received: 17 September 2013 Revised accepted: 14 November 2013

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, December 2013; 12(6): 1097-1105

http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v12i6.35

Abstract

Stroke is one of the major causes of death and disability, including ischemic stroke, which accounts for 85 - 87 % of cases. Currently, there are few treatment options available for minimizing tissue death following a stroke. Emerging data suggest that biomarkers may help improve current clinical outcome of stroke. As such, there is a pressing need to understand the pathophysiology and to explore effective biomarkers following an ischemic brain event. The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke is complex, and majorly involves excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, apoptosis, etc. Several of the biomarkers are related to these pathophysiologic mechanisms and they may have applications in stroke prediction, diagnosis, assessment, prognosis or treatment. In this review, we summarized the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and some related biomarkers are examined.

Keywords: Ischemic stroke, Pathophysiology, Biomarker, Clinical outcomes