Design and Development of Halogenated Chalcone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents

Upendra K Jain¹, Richa K Bhatia¹, Akkinepally R Rao^2*, Ranjit Singh³, Ajit K Saxena⁴ and Irum Sehar⁴

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Mohali, Punjab – 140307, ²Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, A.P. - 506009, ³School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shobhit University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh - 250110, ⁴Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu – 180001,  India

*For correspondence: Email: raghumed@gmail.com, raghumed@kakatiya.ac.in; Tel: +91-870-244-6259; Fax: +91-870-254-3508

Received: 18 November  2012                                                           Revised accepted: 8 November 2013

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, January 2014; 13(1): 73-80

 
Purpose: To design and develop halogenated chalcone derivatives and evaluate them as anticancer agents using different cancer cell lines.

Methods: Based on in silico design and docking on known target, crystal structure of the complex of interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) with a peptide based inhibitor, (3S )-N-Methanesulfonyl-3-({1-[N-(2-naphtoyl)-l-valyl]-l-prolyl}amino)-4-oxobutanamide (1BMQ), novel halogenated chalcone derivatives were designed (7a-h) employing LigandFit module of Accelrys (Discovery Studio, 2.1 version). Standard protocols for ligand and protein preparation were employed and their binding orientation validated using (3S)-N-Methanesulfonyl-3-({1-[N-(2-naphtoyl)-l-valyl]-l-prolyl}amino)-4-oxobutanamide (MNO 601), a caspase inhibitor as reference standard. Energy minimized conformers with best dock scores were considered for the identification of interacting amino acid residues with ligands. Selected derivatives were synthesized and analyzed by melting point, ¹H NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy. Their evaluation for anticancer activity was carried out using adriamycin, paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil as reference standards on prostrate (PC-3), colon (COLO-205), ovary (OVCAR-5), liver (HEP-2) and neuroblastoma (IMR-32) cancer cell lines, and % growth inhibition and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values were calculated.

Results: Among synthesized compounds, 7b showed the most promising cytotoxic activity with an IC₅₀ of 49.9 µM on colon cancer cell lines (Colo-205), followed by 7d with an IC₅₀ of 66.6 µM against ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-5).

Conclusion: We report the successful synthesis, spectral characterization and in vitro anticancer evaluation of a series of novel halogenated chalcone derivatives against a number of human cancer cell lines. The findings indicate the emergence of new anticancer compounds.

Keywords: Halogenated chalcones, Dock scores, Anticancer activity, Interleukin-1beta converting enzyme.