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Original Research Article
Antiangiogenic Effect of Ficus deltoidea Jack
Standardised Leaf Extracts
Armaghan Shafaei1,
Nahdzatul Syima Muslim2, Zeyad D Nassar2,3,
Abdalrahim FA Aisha1,2, Amin Malik Shah Abdul
Majid2 and Zhari Ismail1*
1Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2EMAN Testing &
Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, 3School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD,
Australia
*For correspondence:
Email:
ismailzhari@gmail.com;
Tel: +604-653-2242
Received: 4 June 2013
Revised accepted: 16 March 2014
Tropical
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, May 2014;
13(5): 761-768
http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i5.16
Abstract
Purpose: To standardise the methanol
and aqueous extracts of Ficus deltoidea leaf by
developing a reverse phase high performance liquid
chromatography (RP-HPLC) for determination of the
ursolic acid content and to investigate their
antiangiogenic activity.
Methods: To prepare the water
extract (FD-A), the powder of the plant was extracted
with water under reflux for 24 h at 50 ˚C. The methanol
extract (FD-M) was prepared using Soxhlet extractor for
24 h at 50 ˚C. The extracts were standardised for
ursolic acid content by reverse phase high performance
liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), as well as by total
phenolic and flavonoid contents. Antiangiogenic activity
was studied using ex vivo rat aortic rings and in vivo
chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis models. The
anti-proliferative effect of the extracts against normal
human endothelial cells and two cancer cell lines was
assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl
tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Results:
In rat aortic rings,
methanol and water extracts inhibited the outgrowth of
microvessels with IC50 values of 48.2 ± 1.1
and 62.7 ± 1.4 µg ml-1, respectively.
Methanol and water extracts at doses of 100 µg disc-1
also inhibited vascularisation of chick embryo
chorioallantoic membrane with inhibition values of of
62.0 ± 6.3 and 43.3 ± 4.8 %, respectively. In addition,
both extracts showed potent cytotoxicity against breast
and colon cancer cells while demonstrating non-cytotoxic
activity against normal endothelial cells. Furthermore,
the two extracts showed relatively high concentration of
ursolic acid, total phenolics and flavonoids associated
with potent antiangiogenic activity.
Conclusion: The inhibition of
angiogenesis by F. deltoidea extracts may be attributed
to the relatively high ursolic acid content as well as
the presence of antioxidant compounds of phenolics and
flavonoids in the extracts.
Keywords:
Ficus
deltoidea, Antiangiogenesis, Ursolic acid, Cytotoxicity,
Antioxidant.
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