Purpose: To investigate the degree of diabetic patients’ compliance with their prescribed medications, factors responsible for non-compliance and how compliance can be enhanced.

Methods: The study involved 220 diabetic patients on anti-diabetic medication (insulin, metformin and gliclazide) visiting the out-patient clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, who met specific criteria. Questionnaires and patient interviews were used to gather information.

Results: A total of 162 patients (73.64 %) of the patients were non-compliant with medications; 22 of the compliant patients were males while 36 were females. Twenty three of the compliant patients had no formal education unlike the rest. There was significant association (p < 0.05) between patients’ financial status and compliance. However, there was no significant association (p > 0.05) between number of prescribed medications, side effects, patients’ level of education, patients’ belief of efficacy of medication and compliance.  

Conclusion: A very high level of non-compliance to anti-diabetic medication has been observed in the facility studied. Institution of policies that will enhance compliance in these facilities and others in Nigeria is highly recommended.