Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

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Original Research Article

Photoprotective Effect of a Polyopes affinis (Harvey) Kawaguchi and Wang (Halymeniaceae)-Derived Ethanol Extract on Human Keratinocytes

Yu Jae Hyun¹, Mei Jing Piao¹, Ki Cheon Kim¹, Jian Zheng¹, Cheng Wen Yao¹, Ji Won Cha¹, Hee Kyoung Kang¹, Eun Sook Yoo¹, Young Sang Koh¹, Nam Ho Lee², Mi Hee Ko³ and Jin Won Hyun¹*

¹Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, ²Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, ³Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 699-943, Republic of Korea

*For correspondence: Email: jinwonh@jejunu.ac.kr; Fax: +82 64 702 2687

Received: 3 September 2013 Revised accepted: 6 April 2014

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, June 2014; 13(6): 863-871

http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i6.6

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the photoprotective effect of the ethanol extract of the red marine alga, Polyopes affinis (PAE) against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on cultured human keratinocytes.

Methods: The 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate method was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by H₂O₂ treatment or UVB radiation. Cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT ) assay. Superoxide anion or hydroxyl radical was detected using an electron spin resonance spectrometer after reaction with the nitrone spin trap. Lipid peroxidation was assayed by determining the level of 8-isoprostane. Protein carbonyl formation was determined using a protein carbonyl ELISA kit. The degree of oxidative DNA damage was determined using an alkaline comet assay. Apoptosis was assessed by apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation.

Results: PAE significantly scavenged the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, as well as hydrogen peroxide- and UVB-induced intracellular ROS. Furthermore, PAE showed 23 % scavenging effect of the superoxide anion and 33 % of the hydroxyl radical. PAE also absorbed UVB rays in the 280 – 320 nm range. PAE significantly decreased cellular damage resulting from UVB-induced oxidative stress to lipids, proteins, and DNA. Furthermore, PAE-treated keratinocytes showed significant reduction in UVB-induced apoptosis, as exemplified by fewer apoptotic bodies and reduced DNA fragmentation.

Conclusion: These results suggest that PAE protects keratinocytes against UVB-induced oxidative stress by absorbing UVB rays and scavenging ROS, thereby reducing injury to cellular constituents.

Keywords: Human keratinocytes, Polyopes affinis, Reactive oxygen species, Red algae, Ultraviolet B, Apoptosis, DNA fragmentation