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Original Research Article
Formulation and Permeation
Kinetic Studies of Flurbiprofen Gel
Rao Khurram Ayoub1,
Ghulam Murtaza2*, Muhammad Imran1,
Shujaat Ali Khan2, Sadullah Mir3,
Abida Kalsoom Khan3, Saira Azhar2,
Zahid Mehmood3, Ashif Sajjad3 and
Syed Nisar Hussain Shah1
1Faculty of Pharmacy,
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 2Department
of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information
Technology, Abbottabad, 3Institute of
Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta,
Pakistan
*For correspondence:
Email:
gmdogar356@gmail.com; Tel:
00923142082826; Fax: 0092992383441
Received: 6 May 2014
Revised accepted: 27
December 2014
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,
February 2015;
14(2): 195-203
http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v14i2.2
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the in vitro
permeation and drug release kinetics of flurbiprofen
gel.
Methods: Thirteen batches (G1,
G2 … G13) of flurbiprofen gels
were prepared using different ratios of permeation
enhancers, i.e., propylene glycol (PG) and polyethylene
glycol (PEG), by response surface methodology (RSM).
Viscosity, pH, spreadability, consistency and drug
content of the flurbiprofen gels were measured.
Permeation experiments were conducted using silicone
membrane in a modified Franz diffusion cell. Permeation
parameters determined include diffusion coefficient (D),
Flux (J), lag time (tLag), permeation coefficient (Kp),
input rate (IR) and enhancement ratio (ER). Primary skin
irritation test was performed for the optimized gel, G3,
using 11 human volunteers.
Results: Maximum solubility (72.15 ±
0.02 mg/mL) of flurbiprofen was observed in a mixture
(2:1) of methanol and water. Partition coefficient (Ko/w)
was determined as logP = 3.68 ± 0.11. The gels were
stable under various storage conditions, and were
homogenous, crystalline and transparent. Viscosity, pH,
spreadability, consistency and drug content were in the
range of 150 – 178 × 102 cps, 5.42 - 5.75,
5.0 - 7.0 g.cm/s, 3.0 - 9.0 mm, and 97.99 - 99.86 %,
respectively. No irritation or lesions (erythma, redness
and ulceration) occurred in human volunteers over a
30-day period. The optimized formulation, G3, showed
maximum flux through silicone membrane.
Conclusion: PG and PEG are effective
enhancers of flurbiprofen from various formulations when
used in various ratios.
Keywords: Flurbiprofen, Gel,
Diffusion, Permeation enhancers, Skin irritation,
Silicone membrane |
