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Original
Research Article
Antibacterial
Interaction of Crude Methanol Extract of Garcinia
kola Seed with Gatifloxacin
KC Ofokansi1*, AN
Mbanefo1, MN Ofokansi2,
CO Esimone1
1Department
of Pharmaceutics, 2Department of
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nigeria,410001 Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
*Corresponding
author: E-mail:
kcofokansi@yahoo.com Phone: +234-80-37794874
Received: 7July 2008
Revised accepted: 19 September 2008
Tropical
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, December
2008; 7(4):
1159-1165
Abstract
Purpose:
Concurrent
use of orthodox and herbal medicines is likely to
precipitate an overall effect which may or may not be
beneficial to the patient.
The objective of this
study was to evaluate the antimicrobial interaction
between the methanol extract of Garcinia kola seed (GKS)
which is chewed habitually as a masticatory in many
rural communities in Africa and gatifloxacin (GAT), a
fourth generation fluoroquinolone.
Method:
The antimicrobial interaction between these two agents
was evaluated by a modification of the checkerboard
technique using Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus
aureus as the test organisms.
Result:
Results obtained showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
of gatifloxacin against both organisms was 1.0 µg/ml
while the MICs of the G. kola seed extract were
evaluated to be 1.562 mg/ml and 3.125 mg/ml respectively
against B. subtilis and S. aureus. Upon combination,
synergism was manifested serially against B. subtilis in
ratios of 9(GAT):1(GKS) down to 6(GAT) :4(GKS) after
which additivity, indifference and antagonism, in that
order, were manifested as the ratio of GKS increased in
the combination. Against S. aureus, the combined
interaction showed a somewhat irregular pattern of
effect, including synergism at GAT:GKS ratios of 9:1,
2:8 and 1:9 , antagonism at ratios of 8:2, 5:5 and 4:6
and indifference at GAT:GKS ratios of 7:3, 6:4 and 3:7.
Conclusion:
The results from this study suggest that the effect of combination of the
methanol extract of GKS with gatifloxacin was dependent
not only on the ratio of combination but also on the
test organism employed for the evaluation. Overall, the
combined antimicrobial effect of the interaction between
GKS and gatifloxacin was predominantly synergistic
against B.subtilis.
Keywords
Garcinia kola seed, antibacterial interaction,
checkerboard technique, Bacillus subtilis,
Staphylococcus aureus, gatifloxacin |
