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Research
Article
Antimicrobial Activity of 23 Endemic Plants in
Madagascar
Erick
Francisco Rakotoniriana1,2*, Jean François
Rajaonarison1, Emmanuel Guy Raoelison1,
Jacob Philémon Rajaonarivelo1, Nia Manga2,
Marcellin Solofoniaina1, Benja Rakotonirina1,
Denis Randriamampionona1, Christian
Rabemanantsoa1, Kiban Cheuk1,
Suzanne Urveg-Ratsimamanga1 and Joëlle Quetin
Leclercq2
1Laboratoire
de microbiologie et de standardisation des médicaments,
Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées, BP3833,
Avarabohitra, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 2Laboratoire
de Pharmacognosie, Unité CHAM, Louvain Drug Research
Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 72,
UCL7230, Av. E. Mounier- 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
*Corresponding author:
E-mail:
erickfrancisco_rakouth@yahoo.fr Tel: +32 4
96 431 884
Received: 20 September 2009
Revised accepted: 21
February 2010
Tropical
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, April 2010;
9(2):
165-171
Abstract
Purpose:
To screen the crude methanol extracts obtained from 23
endemic plants in Madagascar for antimicrobial activity.
Methods:
In order to assess the antimicrobial properties of the
extracts, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)
were obtained using the broth microdilution method. The
six test pathogenic species used were Bacillus subtilis,
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella
typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans.
Bioautography agar overlay test and phytochemical
screening were also performed on the most active
extracts.
Results:
From the 23 plants tested, 16 of which are used in
traditional medicine, Poivrea phaneropetala (Combretaceae),
Koehneria madagascariensis (Lythraceae) and Rhopalopilia
perrieri (Opiliaceae) exhibited the broad spectrum of
activity, being active against all the test organisms,
while Monoporus clusiifolius (Myrsinaceae) showed the
strongest antifungal activity against Candida albicans
with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.250 mg/ml.
Bioautography and phytochemical analysis of the five
active extracts against bacterial strains and of one
active extract against C. albicans indicate that the
active compounds responsible for antimicrobial activity
may be mainly flavonoids and/or terpenes.
Conclusion:
These preliminary results are the first antimicrobial
studies on these plants and lend support for the use of
some of them in traditional medicine.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial properties, Traditional medicine,
Microdilution assay, Bioautography, Madagascar. |
